It was one of the first stories I learned to read. Little Red Riding Hood is an ugly, violent little fairy tale that has stood out to me since I was very young. There’s a plethora of versions, but it struck me as a child as much, much worse than grown-ups would admit. Sure, in the version they liked to tell, a Huntsman rescues Little Red and her Grandma and chops up the wolf. It seemed too pat. In most of the versions found in my fairy tale books, Little Red, her Grandmother, or both, are horribly devoured. This isn’t always altered in some versions. Devoured. The End.
No matter what version I read, or at what age, the messages seemed both primal and conflicting. Is Red blamed for her fate because she stopped to talk to a stranger? Is the moral that there are some seriously nasty people out in the world, and one must simply do their best to be careful? Is it about sexual awakening or vanity or death or what the academic-paper-of-the-week says?
Recently, I ran into two piece son LRRH that made me rethink my attachment to it and its relation to modern things like cinema and the study of horror. My own personal definition of LRRH is fairly rigid. It’s a fairy tale. It’s German. There are lots of version. It is a 333 on the Aarne-Thompson classification scale of fairy tales.
Sidebar: Check out the Aarne-Thompson sometime. Whether or not you decide it’s flawed, it’s still fascinating.
Then I read Finn Ballard’s piece No Trespassing: The Post-Millennial Road-Horror Movie in the Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies.
WARNING: Ballard’s piece does not for a moment shy away from the graphic and violent nature of horror films, particularly road horror. There’s some very blunt discussion of sexuality, violence, torture and general despair. If you have issues with violent content, I recommend caution in regards to the essay. You can find it online here.
Sidebar the second: If you want to bring up Ballard’s more graphic quotes in comments, please tag a warning on it. Not everyone takes discussions of violence in stride, and that includes myself.
Overall, I found Ballard’s paper a very squirm-inducing, but intelligent take on what’s going on in road horror, where the genre comes from, and what’s going on in those movies. For those not initiated, road horror as a genre would cover movies such as The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, The Hills Have Eyes; it’s a specific set of horror movies that combine traveling and violent insanity. I personally find them great encouragement not to go on road trips.
So, road horror. Aside from it being a good paper, Ballard brings up something I’d never thought of: Ballard posits that Little Red Riding Hood is a road horror piece. Little Red Riding Hood is a Warnmärchen, a ‘warning tale’ (märchen is often described as ‘fairy tale.’)
Ballard says: The genesis of this narrative form is the folklore of the European Middle Ages, and specifically the tale type known as the Warnmärchen, which encompasses those stories that involve an act of transgression followed by a delineation of consequences. The progenitor of the road-horror is the central Warnmärchen described by folklorist Jack Zipes; that of a child threatened by an ogre, man-eater, or wild animal in the forest or wilderness.(25) Much like the road-horror, the Warnmärchen is characterised by revision and imitation; Zipes counts thirty-five different versions of Little Red Riding Hood (26), and traces the geneses of these to locations spanning the globe.
Mind. Blown. Mind, in fact, continued to be blown as Ballard points out that like in fairy tales, the survival of horror protagonists is deeply linked to their morality (or lack therof, and we all know what happens to characters in horror perceived as immoral.)
Really, the entire section of the piece that quote is taken from, Woodlands and wolves: the folkloric prehistory of the road-horror is just absolutely bloody genius to me. I have, once or twice in my life compared horror movies to fairy tales, and then moved on with my day. I hadn’t sat down and actively contemplated that genres like road-horror have without shame made the narratives of the Warnmärchen their own. I see a lot of writers saying we should look to cinema for a better grasp of pacing and narrative arc, but hot damn do I suddenly feel better about my voracious, globe-spanning, lifelong addiction to fairy tales.
Then the Final Girl mind freak: ever thought of Little Red Riding Hood as a Final Girl?
There’s a lot of page-time devoted to the signature look or items of a Final Girl in the Ballard piece—again, brilliant for me in terms of my reading experience.
Then, the same night I read Ballard’s paper, I run across a very horrifying/intriguing/horrifying/cute education on some Little Red Riding Hood depictions in cinema.
WARNING: touches on sexual violence to female protagonists, and detailed spoilers of the plot of each film.
So, Beth Wilson’s piece Film Interpretations of Little Red Riding Hood is a very nice sum-up of a variety of films across genres with strong LRRH themes/narrative. It also reminded me that the subtext of LRRH is also violent, and sexuality is certainly present in the narrative—in Perrault’s, the spectre of sexual violence or even consensual sexual encounters that could lead to negative consequences is deliberately called out by him, especially in his sum-up of the moral of the story.
It might not surprise you that our modern cinematic horror has without shame pillaged the fairy tales of the past, but consciously recognizing it sure as Hell unnerved me.
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